The survey paints a varied picture. While more IHK training companies are reducing the number of training positions than expanding them, the situation is particularly tense among businesses with negative business expectations. Four out of ten such companies are cutting their training offers. Despite this, overall training willingness remains remarkably stable: seven out of ten training companies are offering the same number or even more training positions than the previous year.

© DIHK / Christoph Soeder

DIHK Chief Executive Helena Melnikov: "Given the dramatic situation of the German economy, this is a strong signal. It shows that training remains a top priority for companies even in challenging times. Businesses know that well-qualified professionals are key to their current and future success."

Many candidates face challenges with core skills

The biggest challenge in the training market remains the lack of suitable applicants. Recruitment difficulties are at record levels. Last year, nearly half of all training companies were unable to fill all the positions they advertised, primarily because suitable candidates could not be found. Two-thirds of companies with staffing difficulties cite this as a primary hurdle.

Businesses highlight significant deficits in core skills. Every second training company identifies widespread weaknesses in work and social behaviour, such as resilience. Similarly, poor cognitive skills are frequently mentioned. About four in ten companies also note deficiencies in mathematics, German, or basic economic knowledge.

At the same time, companies show a strong willingness to support young people with additional needs and address trainees' educational gaps independently. Three-quarters of businesses noticing such deficits are open to trainees with initial hurdles, supporting them with, for instance, tutoring. Melnikov added, "Given the shortage of skilled workers, every unfilled training position is one too many. Companies are already going above and beyond. However, small and medium-sized enterprises cannot permanently compensate for shortcomings in other areas. Here, policymakers must step in to strengthen the foundation for successful educational trajectories."

Structural reforms in economic and educational policy needed

The survey results underscore the urgent need for action. "Vocational education is a recipe for success, but it requires good framework conditions," said Melnikov. "This includes stronger economic support as well as an education system that provides young people with the necessary foundation for training and careers."

"To give training companies the necessary boost, structural reforms in economic and educational policy are essential." Businesses need more freedom in their entrepreneurial activities. Bureaucratic burdens, excessive reporting obligations, and high costs, such as energy expenses, weaken businesses' ability to invest and train. "The government has initiated important reform approaches. Now, it is crucial that these take rapid and tangible effect in practice."

In the educational sector, the DIHK CEO also sees urgent need for action: "Fewer and fewer pupils possess the core competencies essential for any vocational training programme. Those lacking this foundation will struggle throughout their careers. Systematic and repeated practical experience in companies is also vital for development. Schools should, therefore, work even more closely with businesses and vocational schools. This helps young people recognise their strengths and make well-informed career decisions."

Dual training as a career basis

The survey also highlights the high quality and attractiveness of dual training. Despite the current economic crisis, around two-thirds of businesses retain all their graduates. More than 80 percent of companies are even willing to support their former trainees with further qualifications in the future. "Young people have excellent career prospects with dual training. This is invaluable, especially in times of upheaval and crisis," said Melnikov. 

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